缓释镍陶粒对废水厌氧处理的影响

以粉煤灰、水泥、石灰、石膏为主要原料,以CaCl2、Na2SO4、Na3PO4为复合添加剂,在制备陶粒过程中加入吸附Ni2+后的硅藻土,采用蒸气养护法制备出缓慢释放微量Ni2+的生物陶粒,并研究其对废水厌氧处理的影响。实验结果表明,陶粒对Ni2+的释放量与陶粒负载Ni2+质量、陶粒蒸养时间有关,陶粒释放平衡时间为9 d,起到了很好的缓释效果;通过在厌氧生物反应器中空白对照组与添加缓释Ni2+陶粒组的对比实验表明,添加缓释Ni2+反应器的COD去除率最高达到89.8%,比空白对照组高出23.6%,缓释陶粒释放出的Ni2+离子能够被微生物很好的吸收利用,提高废水厌氧处理效果,而不会造成水质的污染。     

草酸根缓释法制备草酸配位聚合物晶体

N,N′-二(乙二酰基苯基)草酰胺在碱性溶液中于室温下水解,缓慢生成草酸根离子,并与溶液中的Cd2+配位形成配位聚合物{[Cd(C2O4)(H2O)2]·H2O}n的单晶。X-射线单晶结构分析表明,在配位聚合物中,草酸根作为桥联配体与Cd(Ⅱ)配位,构成的二维网络结构通过氢键连接形成三维超分子结构,结构中的孔穴被客体水分子所占据。提供了一种在温和条件下缓慢释放草酸根离子,便于其与金属离子结合得到结晶性能良好的配位聚合物晶体的新方法,避免了由草酸盐合成配位聚合物因反应速度过快而得不到良好晶体的问题。     

核桃壳活性炭的制备及其对烟酸缓释性能的研究

以二氧化碳(CO2)物理活化法制备了核桃壳活性炭,考察了活化温度、活化时间对核桃壳活性炭得率及烟酸吸附量的影响。以所制备的核桃壳活性炭为烟酸载体,在不同的释放介质(蒸馏水、人工胃液或人工肠液)中进行烟酸释放性能研究。结果表明,人工胃液和人工肠液能促进活性炭对烟酸的释放,其累计释放率分别达到43.96%和47.69%。核桃壳活性炭在3种不同介质中的不同释放阶段的释放过程均符合Higuchi模型。     

Self-assembly behaviors of thermal- and pH- sensitive magnetic nanocarriers for stimuli-triggered release

In the present work, we prepare thermo- and pH-sensitive polymer-based nanoparticles incorporating with magnetic iron oxide as the remote-controlled, stimuli-response nanocarriers. Well-defined, dual functional tri-block copolymer poly[(acrylic acid)-block-(N-isopropylacrylamide)-block-(acrylic acid)], was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization with S,S′-bis(α,α′-dimethyl-α″-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate (CMP) as a chain transfer agent (CTA). With the aid of using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, the surface-modified iron oxides, Fe₃O₄-NH₂, was then attached on the surface of self-assembled tri-block copolymer micelles via 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinamide (EDC/NHS) crosslinking method in order to furnish not only the magnetic resources for remote control but also the structure maintenance for spherical morphology of our nanocarriers. The nanocarrier was characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) spectral analysis. Rhodamine 6G (R6G), as the modeling drugs, was encapsulated into the magnetic nanocarriers by a simple swelling method for fluorescence-labeling and controlled release monitoring. Biocompatibility of the nanocarriers was studied via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, which revealed that neither the pristine nanocarrier nor the R6G-loaded nanocarriers were cytotoxic to the normal fibroblast cells (L-929 cells). The in vitro stimuli-triggered release measurement showed that the intelligent nanocarriers were highly sensitive to the change of pH value and temperature rising by the high-frequency magnetic field (HFMF) treatment, which provided the significant potential to apply this technology to biomedical therapy by stimuli-responsive controlled release.     

生物降解高分子基海洋防污材料的研究进展

首先总结了当前四种生态友好海洋防污材料的优缺点,并简要概述了环境友好防污剂的研究进展。接着介绍了一种新颖的防污策略——“动态表面防污”,并综述了基于这一策略发展的系列生物降解高分子基海洋防污材料的研究进展,包括生物降解聚酯-聚氨酯防污材料、改性聚酯防污材料和主链降解-侧链水解的聚酯-聚丙烯酸酯防污材料。该系列材料可通过主链酯键的断裂形成动态表面实现防污,同时降解产物为无毒的小分子,可避免造成海洋微塑料污染,复配环境友好防污剂可构筑具有优异动/静态防污能力的生态友好防污体系。最后展望了高性能防污体系未来的发展方向。     

高功率脉冲磁控溅射制备的TiN薄膜 应力释放及其结合稳定性研究

目的 探究高功率脉冲磁控溅射（HPPMS）制备的氮化钛（TiN）薄膜在自然时效过程中,应力、薄膜/基体结合性能随时间的变化规律。方法 采用高功率脉冲磁控溅射（HPPMS）技术,通过调控基体偏压（-50、-150 V）,制备出具有不同残余压应力（3.18、7.46 GPa）的TiN薄膜,并采用基片曲率法、X射线衍射法、划痕法和超显微硬度计评价了薄膜的应力、薄膜/基体结合性能、硬度随时间的变化规律。结果 在沉积完成后1 h内,-50 V和-150 V基体偏压下制备的TiN薄膜压应力分别在3.12~3.39 GPa和7.40~7.55 GPa范围内波动,薄膜压应力没有发生明显变化;沉积完成后1~7天,平均每天分别下降28.57 MPa和35.71 MPa;7~30天,平均每天分别下降2.08 MPa和2.50 MPa;30~60天内,平均每天分别下降1.67 MPa和7.00 MPa。其压应力连续下降,且均表现出前期下降速率快,后期下降逐渐放缓的趋势。自然放置60天后,应力基本释放完毕,薄膜性质基本保持稳定。同时,薄膜/基体结合性能随时间逐渐变差,薄膜硬度下降。结论 HPPMS制备的TiN薄膜在自然时效过程中,其残余应力会随时间增加,连续下降,进而影响薄膜的力学性能。     

高层建筑现浇超长地下室应力发展分析

本文以实际工程为背景 ,采用有限元的方法 ,对工程界关心的超长地下室一次性连续浇筑后早期裂缝问题进行数值分析。着重对比应力释放带开设前后 ,地下室墙板、顶板各处应力发展情况 ,并对现浇墙板结构早期的应力发展情况进行分析。     

"跳仓法"工艺在某重点项目的应用

"跳仓法"是民用建筑中取代永久变形缝和后浇带的有效新型技术措施,利用抗放结合的原则能有效解决混凝土初期与后期收缩引发的裂缝问题。技术要点是一方面要合理分仓、跳仓、构造设计和验算,另一方面要控制商品混凝土质量,进行严格的混凝土养护和温度监测。     

Effects of gamma-sterilization on DOC, uranium and arsenic remobilization from organic and microbial rich stream sediments

Organic-rich sediments are known to be effective accumulators for uranium and arsenic. Much is known about the capacity for metal or metalloid fixation by microbes and organic compounds as well as inorganic sediment particles. Experiments investigating the effect of microbes on the process of metal fixation in sediments require sterilized sediments as control treatment which is often realized by gamma-sterilization. Only few studies show that gamma-sterilization has an effect on the remobilization of metal and metalloids and on their physico-chemical properties. These studies deal with sediments with negligible organic content whereas almost nothing is known about organic-rich sediments including a probably high microbial activity. In view of this, we investigated the effect of gamma-sterilization of organic-rich sediments on uranium and arsenic fixation and release. After ten days within an exposure experiment we found a significant higher remobilization of uranium and arsenic in sterile compared to unsterile treatments. In line with these findings the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), manganese, and iron increased to even significantly higher concentration in the sterile compared to unsterile treatment. Gamma-sterilization seems to change the physico-chemical properties of organic-rich sediments. Microbial activity is effectively eliminated. From increased DOC concentrations in overlaying water it is concluded that microbes are eventually killed with leaching of cellular compounds in the overlaying water. This decreases the adsorption capacity of the sediment and leads to enhanced uranium and arsenic remobilization.